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KMID : 0379220070270010001
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Journal of Korea Gerontological Society
2007 Volume.27 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.22
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Income Gap and Differences of Income Sources between Older Women and Men
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Seok Jae-Eun
Lim Jeong-Gi
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Abstract
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The purpose of this paper seeks to examine empirically ’how terrible older women’s income conditions are’ in the perspective of gender sensitive. The method of this study is making a comparison between income conditions of older women’s and men’s through secondary analysis using the raw date from 2004 Living Profile and Welfare Service Needs of Older Persons: examine on poverty gap, income gap, and differences of income sources between older women and men; analysis of effect factors on total income level and on income level by sources through using multi-regression analysis.
According to the results of this study, the poverty rate of older women is 41.2%, that is higher 10% point than older men’s. The average income level of older women is less than 300 thousand won, that is merely 37.5% of older men’s. We could also find very differences in the composition of income sources between older women and men. Older Women depend highly on public assistance transfer income and private transfer income in both absolute and relative proportion. It is compared to older men’s that is high relatively proportion of public pension transfer income. These results also support empirically the insistence of precedence studies that exists gender division of social security as to ’social insurance is men-friendly and public assistance is women-friendly’.
Though under controlling personal and family characteristics, it appears that older women is the significant negative effect factor on total income level and on income level by most sources, except public assistance transfer income. Our study show that older women in poor income are protected from public assistance which is after-countermeasure and last safety net, while the majority of older women are excluded from public pension which is before-preventive and the first safety net.
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KEYWORD
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older women, older men, elderly, gender-sensitive, income profile, sources of income, earned income, property income, public income transfer, public pension income transfer, p
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